In 17th-century Cuban theater, the Patron Saint Festivals, or Fiestas Mayores, as they are also known, took place; a religious festival with Hispanic origins. In Cuba, it was a celebration that enjoyed great popularity until the 19th century. They emerged as a result of the founding of the first towns, imposed by the evangelizing policy of the Catholic Church.

Initially, the Major Festivals had a ritual character, which gradually faded as a result of the secular elements incorporated by the people. Other elements gradually took on national forms.

They were dedicated to and held in honor of Saint John the Baptist; Our Lady of Candelaria; Our Lady of Charity of Cobre, the patron saint of Cuba; and Saint Joseph, among others. These were the most important celebrations held in the Cuban archipelago.

Patron Saint Festivals, which were associated with non-carnival festivities, always included a procession followed by a party, a street party, a fiesta, or a fair, depending on the celebration. During these days, parades, cavalry tournaments, fireworks, parades, bullfights, ring games, masks, comedy shows, conga lines, and comparsas were held.

The Patron Saint Festivals or Major Festivals are currently the most numerous festivities in the Cuban archipelago.